The Destructive Growth of Alcoholism in America

Drinking intoxi tail assemblytic imbibing has become a past- clock time for teenagers and adults during weekends. People fuddle to relax, feel more(prenominal) confident or to forget temporarily any worries that they currently necessitate. Everyone knows that intoxi ignoretic drink in moderation do not harm ones body or society at large. The problem lies when tipsiness becomes uncontrollable and excessive. The social, health and mortality rate problems associated with intoxicant pack been perceived as early as 1920s, which was when the graveness Movework forcet started.The white plague of intoxicant began in 1600-1700. People drank alcohol beca subprogram they had no separate alternative. The milk was unpasteurized and the water was unsanitary. In addition, the price of tea and coffee did not fit the budget of most throng. According to the term What in Ameri sacks register could fail to prohibition, the average Ameri back end was potable 7 g every last(predic ate)ons of pure alcohol. During the early years of the Ameri put up colony, rummyenness was not viewed as offensive.The invoice of alcoholic drink clause enumerated how people in the colonies showed little concern over drunkenness, in fact spirituous liquors had become the greatest factors in colonial commerce. Later on, the demand for alcohol created Saloons where people could drink and take fall in in different form of vices. The History of inebriant article stated that it was not rarefied to find one saloon for every 150 or 200 Americans, including those who did not drink.Hard-pressed to earn profits, saloon keepers sometimes introduced vices such as gambling and prostitution into their establishments in an attempt to earn profits. However, people soon certainized that alcohol drinkers acted differently and far worse after they admit consumed liquor. Prohibition or temperance, which simply meant a reduction or emptying of the use of alcoholic beverages, was enacted t o combat these social ills that were developing due to the effects of alcohol.Hence, correspond to the History of intoxicant, in 1920 America power saw prohibition in an effort to oppose the social problems arranged by alcohol abuse. Thornton, an economics professor, expressed that during 1920-1933, national prohibition of alcohol in the US was a noble experiment- undertaken to shrink crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. Supporters of the Temperance Movement firmly believed that alcohol had addictive properties. In addition, the History of inebriant stated that the Temperance movement swept across the United States preaching that alcohol was immoral and destroyed family life. The same article as well as says that the benevolent intentions of the Temperance Movement finally materialized when the government included the ban on alcohol in the 18th Amendment, which t ook away the business licenses of brewers, distillers, vintners, and the wholesale and retail sellers, of the Constitution. Despite literal concern ab bulge verboten the prohibit effects of alcohol, liquor cannot be eliminated from the market.The History of alcoholic drink states that people started to bootleg alcohol from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean- since Americans were prohibited from producing liquor- to cater to their growing customers. create crime was established to meet the increasing demand of the public for the prohibited product. According to the What in Americans history could lead to prohibition article, the illegal nature of alcohol led criminal organizations to resort to real crimes in defense of sales territories, brand names, and labor contracts. Eventually, the government realized that their efforts only change magnitude the reliance on alcohol and made the social ills imposed by it more severe. Therefore, they repealed prohibition in 1933. Even though th e Temperance Movement was dissolved, the criminal assemblages that were formed out of it still remained intact. These groups branched out into narcotics, gambling, prostitution, loan sharking and extortion, concerns they still control today, according to The History of intoxicant article. Moreover, societal problems incurred from alcohol also affect family dynamics.P bents who constantly drink might end up spending more time outside the house and neglect their responsibilities to their children and spouse. Thus, the article entitled Scientific Facts on alcoholic drink brought up the point that drinking can impair how a person performs as a parent, and a partner as well. Likewise, the Scientific Facts on Alcoholic indicated that the financial greet of alcohol purchase can submit other family members destitute. This is be possess parents may end up using their salary to sustain their habit to the extent that their children become athirst(p) in the process.Children of alcoholi cs may not be adequately taken care of as well because their basic needs, such as clothing and shelter, are not provided for because indulgence in the habit makes their parents lose focus on what is important in their lives. The detrimental effects of alcohol become exacerbated to the point that it manifests itself in forcible fierceness or abuse towards other people. A relationship might be jeopardized because the man, as is usually the case, beats up his wife or daughter after consuming immense amount of liquor. The wife or girlfriend has a toleration limit in allowing this kind of dismal treatment.After awhile, she is bound to leave him if the manner does not stop or improve. Information contained in the Alcohol and Women article provided by Loyola Marymount University states that 57% of female victims experience intimate violence (i. e. , current or former spouses, boyfriends, etc. ) and account that the offender had been drinking at the time of the offense. While 62% of fe male victims of alcohol-related violence reported experiencing some form of injury. Unfortunately, these victimized women feel a high likelihood of sticking by their man.As a result, they may end up drinking as well to deal with the abuse that they experience. Furthermore, the article entitled Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression notes that aggressive behavior of alcohol drinkers result in 86 percent of homicide offenders, 37 percent of assault offenders, 60 percent of intimate offenders, up to 57 percent of men and 27 percent of women involved in marital violence, and 13 percent of child abusers. Excessive alcohol drinkers assume in such actions because according to the Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression article, alcohol has been known toweaken brain mechanisms that normally restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression. By impairing information processing, alcohol can also lead a person to misjudge social cues, thereby overreacting to a perceived threat. Simulta neously, a narrowing of attention may lead to an inexact assessment of the future risks of acting on an agile violent impulse. Besides aggressive behavior that is exhibited due to the lessening of inhibition, ease of interaction amongst a group of people also ensues.Thus, men usually drink with acquaintances or colleagues at work to develop rapport and comradeship. Hence, the Alcohol and the Workplace article indicate that studies of male-dominated occupations arrive at described cloggy drinking cultures in which workers use drinking to build solidarity and show conformity to the group. On the contrary, alcohol can be harmful in the workplace when an individuals job performance suffers. Limitless alcohol consumption can result in people suffering from a hangover the following day, which affects and hampers concentration, recollection and motor skill.Thus, the Alcohol and the Workplace article state that hangover has a positive correlation between the frequency of feeling sick at work, quiescency on the job, and having problems with job tasks or co-workers. The same article also mentions that productiveness losses are attributed to alcohol. Performance at work may be change both by the volume and designing of drinking. Co-workers perceive that heavy drinkers have lower performance, problems in personal relationships and lack of self-direction, though drinkers themselves do not needfully perceive effects on their work performance.In addition, the aforementioned article also explains that There is ample evidence that people with alcohol habituation and drinking problems are on sick leave more ofttimes than other employees, with a significant cost to employees, employers, and social security systems. Therefore, constant and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect work performance. Persistent pattern of alcohol drinking becomes a problem because it does not enable the employee to finish tasks, has a drastic effect on ones output at work and lead hurt the company in the long-run if an employee repeatedly accumulates absences.Nevertheless, the negative seismic disturbance of alcohol on someones means of livelihood is still not enough to detract people from taking it. Writer Caroline Ryan of BBC News says that the reason universe is alcohol triggers the internal composition of our body. Alcohol releases dopamine which which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the business of the brains natural painkiller endorphin which scientists think could be the means by which the brain becomes learn to crave. Scientists believe this effect is part of the development of tolerance to, and dependence on, alcohol. Also, excessive alcohol drinking can contribute to health issues. According to Dr. Berman, alcohol can either directly or indirectly cause cancers of the mouth, throat, colorful, larynx, and esophagus pot ulcers and bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract pancreatitis cirrhosis of the liver hyperte nsion cardiac arrhythmias congestive heart failure peripheral nerve problems increased susceptibility to infections. Nissl, author of Alcohol and medicate Problems, also indicates that long-term heavy drinking damages the nervous system, heart, and brain.It also can lead to stomach problems, medicine interactions, sexual problems, osteoporosis While an article entitled Alcohol Myth says that sparse drinking will still result in the wearisomeing down of the heart rate, lowering of your telephone circuit pressure, and slowing of your breathing rate. Also, food digestion is inhibited from fully functioning. The Alcohol and Nutrition article exhibits that alcohol interferes with the nutritional process by affecting digestion, storage, utilization, and riddance of nutrients Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable moleculesAlcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells cladding the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the b lood Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully apply by altering their transport, storage, and excretion alcohol can impair the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose. Again, the said article also explains that lack of nutrients can result in deficiencies that can lead to severe and permanent effects on brain function.Specifically, thiamine deficiencies, often seen in alcoholics, which can cause severe neurological problems such as impaired movement and memory loss. It is also a fact that mental and emotionally faculties can also be affected. According to Green Facts, anxiety, fear and depression are common problems encountered by family members of an alcoholic and the alcoholic himself. For alcoholics, the Why Do People Drink Alcohol article discusses that alcohol intake actually causes depression since alcohol is a depressant.While feelings of a depressed pe rson is magnified two-folds when depression medicine stays in the system at the same time that alcohol is in ones body. Despite the health risks involve with excessive alcohol consumption, some women may still engage in the act even when they are pregnant. According to Nemours Foundation, its estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is natural with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome results in birth defects in infants that can debilitate or permanently damage ones normal capabilities and functioning. Indeed, alcohol can become toxic when there is too much of it. Infinite amount of liquor can be the cause of destruction for a relatively few people. This unfortunate incident is known as alcohol poisoning, also called smashing alcohol intoxication. The Alcohol Myth article explains that in this spe cific instance, alcohol acts as a poison that attacks the body and results in death.On a lighter note, a mild form of sleep disturbance can be induced by alcohol especially among college students who usually have the notion that alcohol is not as bad as what people claim it to be. The Alcohol and Sleep article points out that the more one drinks, the express the person will fall asleep, but the likelihood of sleep disturbances increases. Alcohol consumed up to 6 hours before bedtime can affect sleep patterns. And we are all aware that lack of sleep can make a person feel easily irritated and unfocused on the tasks at hand.Also, we should not banish the fact that financial costs can dampen ones available resources. According to Estimating the Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse article, the health cost of alcohol dependence behavior which include medical, alcohol abuse and dependence treatment does not come cheap. Furthermore, hospital bills and medical inconvenience does not end ther e. Accidents caused by drunk driving, which endanger public safety, can accrue more damages to the physical and financial well-being of a person. Also, mental irregularities can happen when an alcoholic attempts to point felo-de-se.According to Women and Alcohol article, 40% of alcoholic women attempted to ordinate self-destruction, compared to 8. 8% of non-alcoholic women. While younger women who are alcoholics are nearly twice as likely to attempt to commit suicide (50. 5%) than older women who are alcoholics (25. 5%). Tendencies like this transpire because a person is emotionally unstable. The main reason why alcoholics turn to alcohol for harbor is to numb their feelings or to forget their problems. They fail to realize that trying to forget intimately their unpleasant situation is only fleeting and does not solve anything in the long-run.For instance, the Why Do People Drink Alcohol article explains that drinking alcohol to deal with a break up or death in ones family del ays the ameliorate process because the people arent giving themselves a chance to heal. This is because they are not confronting their problem and letting themselves experience emotions that course surface in this kind of circumstance. Hence, the behavior that they are engaging in-regularly drinking loads of alcohol-does not help them at all even though they will like to think so otherwise.Thus, immense alcohol consumption may unfortunately lead to death. According to Dr. Berman, the third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is responsible for approximately 100,000 preventable deaths per year, is alcohol. Hence, premature death due to excessive alcohol consumption is within our ability to control and avoid from happening. Also, if death does not occur due to reckless driving, diseases that take over the body gradually-as was mentioned earlier- can also take away ones life.If an alcoholic somehow manages to stay out of harms way, alcohol can contribute to risky beh aviors like unprotected sexual activity, use of tobacco and illegal drugs. The article entitled Alcohol An Addictive Drug tackles the fact that alcohol is frequently the entry-level drug that leads to harder drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. These acts that may seem harmless-especially to those actively taking part in the habit- cost the government cash because they shoulder any expense that is brought up. This is because effective law enforcement has to be increased and strengthened via mandatory regular training to deal with misdemeanors.Also, according to Estimating the Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse article, other parts of society are involved like the criminal exceptice system, social welfare administration- just to name a few- to ensure that society is not greatly troubled by the reckless behavior that alcoholics enact. Overall, limitation and prohibition of alcohol will never be successful as demonstrated by the Temperance Movement. This is because people find ways to get well-nigh the system and defy laws that go against what they exigency to do with their personal lives.The key to the problems that alcohol presents is not to eliminate the source of the problem, in this case alcohol itself, but to educate young people about the adverse effects that alcohol places on them and on society as a whole. Also, tough enforcement of established laws regarding alcohol should be done. In addition, assistance should be available and given to alcoholics so that violence, alcohol craving and health issues that they have are addressed in a timely manner. Finally, people should keep in mind that alcohol does not solve anything.It only creates or increases the existing problems that one faces. Additionally, people have the power to change the glamorized notions about alcohol consumption-how it is the in thing to do because all the cool kids are doing it- and its supposed positive effects which mostly deals with a smoother social interaction with other people. The media plays a crucial role in changing this persistent view. The media should stress-via their print publication, billboard ads, television and radio programs- that the negative impact of alcohol outweighs any positive impact that may be derived from it.Also, it is essential that alcoholics are aided in finding ways to control their urges and direct it to an outlet that will be more sound for them. It will also be important to make people aware that proper and moderate alcohol consumption is an obligation that they should perform and abide by at all times because it is for their best interest. Hence, alcohol regulations serve people by protecting their well-being. References Alcohol and Sleep. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. Alcohol and the Nutrition. October 1993. Alcohol Alert.22. 29 January 2008. National embed on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol and the Workplace. July 1999. Alcohol Alert. 44. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol Myths. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression. October 1997. Alcohol Alert. 38. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Berman, James. January 2003. Alcohol and drug addiction. University of Pennsylvania Health System. 29 January 2008 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. 2008. Nemours Foundation. 30 January 2008. History of Alcohol. (n. d). 30 January 2008 Nissl, Ian. 23 February 2007. Alcohol and Drug Problems. Peace Health. 29 January 2008. Ryan, Caroline. Why alcohol is addictive. 15 March 2004. BBC News. 30 January 2008. http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/3537387. short-term memory Scientific Facts on Alcohol. (2008). Green Facts. 29 January 2008. The History of Alcohol. (2005). Drug-Rehabs. org 30 January 2008. Thornton, M. (1991). Alcohol prohibition was a failure. CATO institute. 30 January 2008. Walters, G. D. (2002).The heritability of alcohol abuse and dependence a meta-analysis of behavior genetic research. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28(3), 557- 584. What in Americans history could lead to prohibition? (n. d). 30 January 2008. Why Do People Drink Alcohol? (n. d) 30 January 2008. Women and Alcohol. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. Alcoholism in America I. History of Alcohol A.lack of other drink alternatives B. American Revolution C. Emergence of Saloons D. Temperance Movement 1. exposition of Temperance 2. Reasons for the movement 3. Problem with Temperance II. Personal Problem with Alcohol now A. Family problem 1. ineffective parent 2. money spent on alcohol instead B. Violence 1. between partners a. statistical information b. victimized women 2. statistics of criminal offenses C. Alcohol at the workplace 1. reason to bond especially with men 2. negative effect on work performance a. productivity b. absence D. Alcohol Cravings E. health problem 1. damages parts of the body2. slows down bodily functions 3. interfere s with digestion process 4. nutritional deficiencies 5. mental health problem 6. fetal alcohol syndrome 7. alcohol poisoning 8. sleep disturbances 9. health related costs F. Accidents 1. different damages accrued 2. suicide statistical evidence G. Deaths 1. statistical evidence III. Other negative effects of alcohol A. Vices associated with alcohol B. Government expenditures Note cards page Alcohol, like nicotine and marijuana, is frequently the entry-level drug that leads to harder drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. Alcohol An Addictive Drug. (2006). Covenant Health. 30 January 2008. The nutrients from digested food are absorbed from the intestines into the blood and carried to the liver. The liver prepares nutrients either for immediate use or for storage and future use. Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules by decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas (2). Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood (3).In addition, nutritional deficiencies themselves may lead to further absorption problems. For example, folate deficiency alters the cells lining the small intestine, which in turn impairs absorption of water and nutrients including glucose, sodium, and additional folate (3). Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion Even when food intake is adequate, alcohol can impair the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose (glucose is the bodys principal sugar)Alcohol and the Nutrition. October 1993. Alcohol Alert. 22. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Disturbances of sleep lead to have on and sleepiness during the day. The more one drinks, the faster the person will fall asleep, but the likelihood of sleep disturbances increases. Alcohol consumed up to 6 hours before bedtime can affect sleep patterns, increasingthe longevity of disturbances alcohol causes in the bodys sleep cycles. Alcohol and Sleep. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. Studies of male-dominated occupations have described heavy drinking cultures in which workers use drinking to build solidarity and show conformity to the group (4,5). Some male-dominated occupations therefore tend to have high rates of heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems. Alcohol and the Workplace. July 1999. Alcohol Alert. 44. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Myth The worst thing that can happen is that Ill pass out and have a hangover tomorrow. The fact is that death can and does occur from drinking too much alcohol. This is known as alcohol poisoning or acute alcohol intoxication and occurs when the level of alcohol in the body acts as a poison, causation death from the drug overdose. Another way that alcohol can cause death is due to alcohol related accidents, such as drunk driving, falls, and suicide. Myth People pass out from drinking all the time. Its nothing to worry about. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that works to slow down the heart rate, lower your blood pressure, and slow your breathing rate.Once your brain has been depressed enough by the alcohol, you pass out. Alcohol Myths. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. Based on published studies, Roizen (3) summarized the percentages of violent offenders who were drinking at the time of the offense as follows up to 86 percent of homicide offenders, 37 percent of assault offenders, 60 percent of sexual offenders, up to 57 percent of men and 27 percent of women involved in marital violence, and 13 percent of child abusers. Direct Effects of Alcohol.Alcohol may encourage aggression or violence by disrupting normal brain function. According to the disinhibition hypothesis, for exampl e, alcohol weakens brain mechanisms that normally restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression (5). By impairing information processing, alcohol can also lead a person to misjudge social cues, thereby overreacting to a perceived threat (6). Simultaneously, a narrowing of attention may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the future risks of acting on an immediate violent impulse (7) Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression. October 1997. Alcohol Alert. 38. 29 January 2008.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The Dangers of Alcohol Alcohol is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is responsible for approximately 100,000 preventable deaths per year. alcohol abuse can cause long term problems in virtually every organ system in your body including 4. Cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus 5. Stomach ulcers and bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract 6. Pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and liver cancer 7. Hypert ension, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure8. Sexual dysfunction, including loss of libido and impotence 9. Peripheral nerve problems 10. Increased susceptibility to infections Berman, James. January 2003. Alcohol and drug addiction. University of Pennsylvania Health System. 29 January 2008 Alcohol (wine, beer, or liquor) is the leading known preventable cause of mental and physical birth defects in the United States. When a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price in mental and physical deficiencies for his or her entire life.Yet many pregnant women do drink alcohol. Its estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. 2008. Nemours Foundation. 30 January 2008. In the 1890 the Tempera nce movement swept across the United States preaching that alcohol was immoral and destroyed family life. This movement radically altered peoples viewsIn 1920 America saw prohibition in an effort to prevent the social problems caused by alcohol abuse. This caused a surge in gangster brawls as gangs fought to take control of distributing alcohol on the black market. However, this trend slowly started to alter as physicians started to link alcohol to a number of diseases and social problems. By the early 1900 Dr heraldic bearing documented the addictive behaviour of alcohol and in 1935 Alcoholic Anonymous was set up. History of Alcohol. (n. d). 30 January 2008 Alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in teenagers. People who drink alcohol are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behavior, have poor grades or job performance, use tobacco products, and experiment with illegal drugs. Long-term heavy drinking damages the liver, nervous system, heart, and brain. It also can lead to high blood pressure, stomach problems, medicine interactions, sexual problems, osteoporosis, and cancer. Nissl, Ian. 23 February 2007. Alcohol and Drug Problems. Peace Health. 29 January 2008. Alcohol triggers the release of dopamine a chemical which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the production of the brains natural painkiller endorphin which scientists think could be the means by which the brain becomes trained to crave. Ryan, Caroline. Why alcohol is addictive. 15 March 2004. BBC News. 30 January 2008. http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/3537387. stm 73% reported feelings of anxiety, fear, and depression Heavy drinking at the workplace may potentially lower productivity.Sickness absences associated with harmful use of alcohol and alcohol dependence entails a substantial cost to employees and social security systems. There is ample evidence that people with alcohol dependence and problem drinkers have higher rates of sickn ess absence than other employees. lower performance, lack of self-direction and problems in personal relations were found to be related to heavy drinking, particularly when collateral reports were used. alcoholism has had adverse impacts on productivity in the workplace and increased absenteeism.It is estimated that drinking and alcoholism have reduced labor productivity by some 10% Drinking can impair performance as a parent, as spouse or partner, and as a reader to household functioning. In many societies, drinking may be carried out primarily outside the family and the home. Drinking also costs money and can impact upon resources particularly of a poor family, leaving other family members destitute. Scientific Facts on Alcohol. (2008). Green Facts. 29 January 2008. Americans during the time of the American Revolution, for the most part showed little concern over drunkenness, and spiritous liquors had become the greatest factors in colonial commerce. To expand the sale of beer, brewers expanded the number of saloons. Saloons proliferated. It was not uncommon to find one saloon for every 150 or 200 Americans, including those who did not drink. Hard-pressed to earn profits, saloonkeepers sometimes introduced vices such as gambling and prostitution into their establishments in an attempt to earn profits. Many Americans overturned saloons offensive, noxious institutionsProhibition in the United States was a measure designed to reduce drinking by eliminating the businesses that manufactured, distributed, and change alcoholic beverages. The Eighteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution took away license to do business from the brewers, distillers, vintners, and the wholesale and retail sellers of alcoholic beverages. The bootleggers (named after the practice adopted by travelers in the Midwest in the 1880s, who concealed liquor in their boots when trading with Indians) began by importing booze over the Mexican and Canadian borders, and from the CaribbeanWhen Prohibition was repealed in 1933, an work out syndicate of organized crime, built on the multi-million dollar bootlegging industry, had survived. The American Mafia branched out into narcotics, gambling, prostitution, loan sharking and extortion, concerns they still control today. The History of Alcohol. (2005). Drug-Rehabs. org 30 January 2008. National prohibition of alcohol (1920-33)the noble experimentwas undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America.The results of that experiment clearly indicate that it was a miserable failure on all counts. Thornton, M. (1991). Alcohol prohibition was a failure. CATO institute. 30 January 2008. In the 1600 and 1700s, there were very few things available to drink. wizard did not want to take a lot of chances with the water and the unpasteurized milk of the time. Also, coffee and tea were expensive items, which left peo ple of the time with one alternative, alcohol.By the 1820s the average American was drinking 7 gallons of pure alcohol. Criminal groups organize around the steady source of income provided by laws against victimless crimes such as consuming alcohol or drugs, gambling and prostitution. In the process of providing goods and services those criminal organizations resort to real crimes in defense of sales terrorities, brand names, and labor contracts What in Americans history could lead to prohibition? (n. d). 30 January 2008. It is impossible to treat depression whilst someone is drinking as the alcohol has the opposite action to the drugs prescribed for depression and of course alcohol itself being a depressant may actually be causing the symptoms rather than treating them. If people find they are frequently using alcohol to cope with stressful and worrying situations in their lives then they may need to consider finding another way of dealing with stress or to face the problem and d eal with it rather than avoiding it.Alcohol cannot solve these problems and will always cause more problems of its own in terms of health and money etc. In situations such as bereavement or relationship break ups, it actually delays the healing process because the people arent giving themselves a chance to heal. Why Do People Drink Alcohol? (n. d) 30 January 2008. Suicide 3. One study showed that 40% of alcoholic women attempted to commit suicide, compared to 8. 8% of non-alcoholic women. 10 4.Younger women who are alcoholics are nearly twice as likely to attempt to commit suicide (50. 5%) than older women who are alcoholics (25. 5%). 10 Victimization13 2. 57% of female victims of intimate violence (i. e. , current or former spouses, boyfriends, etc. ) reported that the offender had been drinking at the time of the offense. 3. 62% of female victims of alcohol-related violence reported experiencing some form of injury. Women and Alcohol. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 Janu ary 2008.