Case Study Alim Leung Essay Example for Free

Case Study Alim Leung Essay 1. The terms of the psychological contract at the Atchison Corporation under the leadership of Jerome Atchison are of quality, integrity, and loyalty. Jerome Atchinson expects his employees to produce quality work and create a good environment to work in. Jerome Atchinson also expects his employees to uphold and maintain high integrity; even senior management could be discharged in cases of moral crime or dishonesty). Loyalty is the largest aspect of the psychological contract. Employees stay with the company for many years, if not their entire career. Managers are viewed in high regards and are rewarded the longer they remain with this company. In return, Jerome provides a family-orientated relationship with his employees, in which he protects and takes care of his employees, taking personal interests in the affairs of his employees. Everybody is an equal and an employee’s value is in the quality and dedication to his work 2. I expect that there will be changes to this contract under the leadership of Prince Millman. I believe that innovation and creativity will become more important over quality and loyalty. It will be about what the employee can create rather than how he she created. The employee is Millman will expect his employees to continually strive to be better and compete with other companies. Instead of more of an ‘equality† approach similar to Atchinson’s contract, Millman values competition among others. Employees may be rewarded for their ideas and change what they bring to the company while seniority and loyalty to the brand are not as heavy of a=values.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Legal and Ethical Considerations Legal and Ethical Considerations Formulae is looking into setting up operations and extending our business to both Guatemala and Mexico. Now, the success of these expansion projects is going to be built upon many factors, and among them legal and ethical conduct will be of the utmost importance. Both Guatemala, and Mexico have in common many culturally based legal and ethical rules. However they also have differences, and of course they not only separate each other, but also the fact that we are coming from a completely American perspective in our approach as it exists today will make the integration of local laws, and regulations a vital part of our operations in those regions and help us to better equip our people with guidelines for doing business without risking lawsuits for improper conduct. Such lawsuits would reflect badly on our organization throughout the world and could lead to individual incarcerations abroad. The old adage â€Å"dont do anything that you wouldnt be proud to tell your mother about† is a good one to keep in mind, but it simply wont be enough to guide you when dealing with foreign legal and cultural differences. The ethical side of this does not just end with the legal considerations. Mexico and Guatemala have very different ways of conducting business and day to day affairs in general. Observing the cultural norms for doing business as much as possible will make for a more attractive and comfortable environment for locally hired employees. Things like work hours, pay dates, holidays, etc should be tailored to that which is locally customary or interlaced with the currently used policies regarding those areas. It would be unrealistic and rude even to just go into these markets and try to run things as though we were still in our home country. Corruption in its many forms is a legal problem which is so well recognized that it has created a business environment in many countries that necessitated the creation and institution of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The FCPA can impose penalties upon United States businesses who are engaging in prohibited activities. Many places in the world regularly employ bribes to facilitate business transactions. Much of Central America is known for this and thus doing business in both Mexico and Guatemala makes it necessary for us to become familiar with its provisions and assure that we are not in violation. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is broken down into three basic sections as follows (Stimmel, Stimmel Smith, P.C., 2004): The worldwide business activities of U.S. corporations must be free from paying bribes directly to foreign officials. Also, they may not offer or promise to pay, or authorize a bribe. This includes presenting of any gifts of value to foreign officials to secure or retain business or obtain an immoral accommodation. The FCPA explicitly prohibits offering business opportunities, extravagant recreation, excessive activities to promote business and covering or reimbursing expenses of officials. Charitable, political, or similar contributions are also prohibited. According to the FCPA a foreign official can be any government employee. Also included are the officers, directors, and employees of government-owned companies. Persons not considered public servants locally may be considered an official by the DOJ as well. Gifts or payments may not be made to employees of companies in which the government has any ownership. In addition to the aforementioned, the giving of gifts to a candidates for government office, officials of a political party, or the political party itself in order to obtain or retain business or to obtain an immoral accommodation. Both the Justice Department and the SEC have applied the FCPA to cover payments or gifts to members of the family of a government or party official, as well as charitable contributions. Books and records provisions, which apply to U.S. or foreign-based companies whose stock is publicly-traded in the United States, require that all companies in a controlled group or which are related entities which form part of the corporate group, maintain accurate accounting records coupled with an organizational methodology for internal controls over the companys assets. One provision of the FCPA that allows U.S. companies, U.S. citizens, and residents of the United States to be held liable for improper payments made by non-employee third parties, even payments of which they may be unaware can be a major source of risk. For example, if a U.S. company were to hire a local consultant in another country, and that person or partner were to make an improper payment or contribute part of his compensation with a government official of that country, the U.S. company that entered into the relationship with the agent could be held accountable for the actions of the hired consultant. Similarly, if a partner acted as an agent for the U.S. company, took any action to advance payment while in the United States, the FCPA would petition the partner, in addition to addressing of the U.S. company. Penalties for violating the FCPA can include imprisonment and fines. The base fine of $2,000,000.00 may be imposed for every violation. Individuals may be fined $100,000.00 per violation and imprisonment for up to five years. Employers are not allowed to pay the fines due for their employee. Violations may be cause for barring one from business actions with the Federal government, and securities. Ineligibility to receive export licenses may also result. In order to simplify matters a Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Opinion Procedure allowing for U.S. companies or nationals to request a statement of current Justice Department enforcement intentions under the antibribery provisions of the FCPA regarding proposed business conduct (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Antibribery Provisions, 2010). Actions for which the Department of Justice has issued an opinion confirming conformity to current policy will be entitled to a presumption, in any subsequent enforcement action. Copies are released of previous opinions can be found on the Department of Justices FCPA web site. To restate from above, observing local laws and being ethically sensitive we can keep ourselves and the company from costly legal troubles. Also, it is indeed only good manners to do so and will help buoy our position in the international community. More markets will be open to doing business with us and allowing us to do business in their backyard. Always be mindful of the FCPA and know that it can and will be enforced as it has been in the past on occasions when payments to officials of public international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank were made in violation. These cases can and should be researched for reference as well. Last, I would like to stress the importance of appointing a subject matter expert or experts preferably from the legal and or HR department who can educate all employees and in so doing keep the risks of inadvertent violations to a minimum. References Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Antibribery Provisions. (2010). Retrieved February 23, 2010, from UNited States Department of Justice: http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/docs/dojdocb.html Stimmel, Stimmel Smith, P.C. (2004). The Federal Corrupt Practices Act: The Basics. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Law Offices of Stimmel, Stimmel Smith A Professional Corporation: http://www.stimmel-law.com/articles/federal_corrupt_practices_act.html

About Health Care :: essays research papers

ABOUT HEALTH CARE I think there are many causes which have permitted in the last years increase people ´s life expectancy. I consider people are living longer thanks to government policies on public ´s health and due in most part to the great medical and technological advances that have been made in the last decades. Cures and immunizations against many diseases have been found. Research has provided valuable information about the human body and the human mind. Even "miracle" medicines have saved a lot of lives and there are new methods that have been developed to prevent and cure diseases that were unknown and unconceivable some years ago. There are still unanswered questions and unsolved problems, but researchers, doctors, biologists, public health employees and many others are working to answer and solve these questions and problems. No one of us knows how long will it take to find a cure for cancer diseases or a solution to prevent heart diseases, for example; but I think scientists are closer to find a solution. On the other hand, I consider this achievement in people ´s health is partly a result of the activity of many private and public organizations in health all over the world, who have established policies and priorities in order to create personal and environmental health programms, pollution control, policies related to chronic and infectious diseases, a smoke-free society and people ´s education. Finally, I think many important things have been done in medical science which have contributed to people ´s health, so now the live longer than in past times. In many ways, people of all ages and in every race have better health.

Neurological Memory :: essays research papers

The Human Memory The reason people exist is because of two important things: memory and language, which have been vital in the evolution of humanity. (Our ancestors needed language to explain how to light a fire to keep them warm and a memory to remember how to do it). So we have a memory because if we did not we would never have evolved far enough for you to ask this question in this place. So how does it work? The process involve in the human memory are very complex†¦ I will present you the neuralgic and biologic part then Aurelie will talk about the characteristics of our human memory and then Sebastien will explain the troubles of the memory†¦ Despite big advances in recent years, memory is still a bit of mystery and there are disagreements among the experts about exactly what is going on. But now memory is seen as a function of the brain, and is not placed any more in the heart†¦ It’s defined as the ability to store and retrieve information. Codes of memory The new ways of communication taught us that information could be on different supports: Email, lettre, disc... The memory acts in the same way and info are supported by specific codes: sensorial codes, motor codes and symbolic codes. A special memory exists to each different info: tactual, visual, auditory and olfactory but these codes don’t have the same importance. Visual and auditory codes are the most important codes because they are the primary means of language in the memory. The auditory code is concerned with longer times than the visual one. (You remember longer a sequence of letters if you hear them than if you see them). Olfactory codes are very difficult to study and motor codes are not studied at all. These codes seem to be transitory and the info driven is encoded in the visual way or a linguistic way†¦ That’s why you probably heard about the visual memory and the auditory memory. In the long term memory the info learned becomes more and more abstract with time. The language arrived to a conceptual memory, the visual memory arrived to an analogic memory: visual- spatial but in fact an info is encoded with the two means: verbal and visual (a picture is named). These two codes are very complementary; visual codes are good for global spatial info but bad for a sequential order and verbal codes are good for the order of encode and analyze.

Respect for Persons,Beneficence, and Justice :: Research Researching Privacy Essays

Respect for Persons,Beneficence, and Justice In July of 1974 The National Research Act was signed into law. Through this act, The Belmont Report was developed over 4 year period of time that included an intense four day conference followed by monthly meetings until it was completed in April of 1979. The Belmont Report sets out to define the ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. The report was established prior to Barney Clark and the artificial heart and therefore was the guidelines that the doctors and researchers had to follow. The report highlights three essential ethical elements that are pertinent in human research and their applications. It was the professional responsibility of the doctors and researchers involved to abide by previously established ethical guidelines. Respect for Persons Respect for the Persons as it relates to the Barney Clark case can be broken down into three important issues. Autonomy The doctors made the assumption that Barney Clark was a fully autonomous person at the time of the artificial heart experiment. In general it is not in doubt that Mr. Clark was an autonomous being, however his terminal condition could have affected his capacity with in the case. While he might have been autonomous in many areas of his life the issue that is relevant to the case was whether he possessed the capacity to make an informed consent. Informed Consent The nine basic rules4 for an informed consent are 1. Identifying the appropriate decision maker 2. Having the discussion at a time when the patient is not distracted or in great pain. 3. Determine that the patient is communicating voluntarily 4. Disclose a. Nature of the proposed intervention b. The purpose c. The risks and consequences d. The benefits e. The probability that the intervention would be successful f. The feasible alternatives g. The prognosis is the intervention/therapy is not given 5. Offer a recommendation 6.

Development through life stages Essay

Discuss the nature-nurture debate in relation to the development of the individual (M1) & Evaluate how nature and nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of two stages of the development of the individual (D1). Nature can be loosely defined as genetic inheritance or the genetic makeup (the information encoded in your genes) which a person inherits from both parents at the time of conception and carries throughout life. Several things in an individual genetically inherits include; ranging from gender, eye colour, risks for certain diseases and exceptional talents to height. The concept of nature thus refers to biologically inherited tendencies and abilities that people have and which may get revealed later on as they grow up. Nurture can be defined as the different environmental factors to which a person is subjected from birth to death. There are many environmental factors. They include both physical environments and social environments. Some t heorists believe that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even because of ‘animal instincts.’ This is known as the ‘nature’ theory of human behaviour. Other theorists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the ‘nurture’ theory of human behaviour. (www.yourenglishlessons.wordpress.com) Nature refers to the inherited (genetic) characteristics and tendencies that influence development. Some inherited characteristics appear in virtually everyone. All children have a set of universal human genes that, when coupled with a reasonable environment, permit them to develop as reasonably capable members of the human species. Inherited characteristics and tendencies are not always evident at birth. Many physical features emerge gradually through the process of maturation, the genetically guided changes that occur over the course of development. Environmental support, and responsive care from others, is necessary for maturation to take place. Children’s experiences in the environment affect all aspects of their being, for example the health of their bodies or the curiosity of their minds. Nurture affects children’s development in many ways. With good environmental support, children thrive. Unfortunately, the conditions of nurture are not always nurturing. For example, children who grow up in an abusive family must look outside the family for stable, affectionate care. It is known that your genetics determine what you will look like and even your height. However your height  and looks can be changed if a person doesn’t eat properly or are in an accident. People can become anorexic, obese, anaemic etc. And all of these can affect how a person looks and their height. If a child is malnourished then this can cause their growth to deteriorate and they may develop problems like rickets. By looking at adoption studies it is shown that identical twins share similar intelligence whether they are brought up together or not. With this data we can make an argument that genetics has a greater influence in the intelligence of identical twins as well as the environment. Your IQ which is determined by your genes can also be af fected by the environment around an individual. If a person has not got as good school opportunities as another person with the same determined IQ, if they perhaps cannot go to a good as school as them or if their teachers are not as good as the other then they’re IQ will not be as developed as the other person which means that nurture also plays a part in a person’s IQ. (www.boundless.com) However in recent years there has been a growing realization that the question of â€Å"how much† behaviour is due to heredity and â€Å"how much† to environment may itself be the wrong question. Take intelligence as an example. Like almost all types of human behaviour it is a complex, many-sided phenomenon which reveals itself (or not!) in a great variety of ways. The â€Å"how much† question assumes that the variables can all be expressed numerically and that the issue can be resolved in a quantitative manner. The reality is that nature and culture interact in a host of qualitatively different ways. (McLeod 2007) Nature vs. nurture could refer to really intelligent people. One reason given for their being so gifted at learning and acquiring information might be that it’s in their genes. They have really intelligent parents; a high IQ†¦ i.e. their genetic makeup has enabled them to be intelligent. And likewise, you might argue the opposite for very u nintelligent people. (Nature) Whereas some people might argue that it’s how that person is raised. The child’s parents gave him all kinds of means to learn with, or encouraged his education from an early age, etc. The ‘less intelligent’ child’s parents, on the other hand, kicked him outside all day, kept him from school, called him stupid, etc. (Nurture) In my opinion, both nature and nurture have an effect on the development of an individual. Having read both sides, I personally believe that indeed nature does have a significant impact on the holistic development of the  individual. In my opinion, our personalities are related to our genetics. I have a very similar temperament to my father, which supports my view. My sister on the other hand, has a temperament which is very similar to my mum’s. Also, I believe that our intelligence is genetically driven. Some people are naturally more intelligent than others and this cannot be disputed. Of course, nurture with regards to intelligence and personality is also important. If a child experiences a lack of support with their education, they may not perform to the best of their ability. With that being said however, the level of support that the child receives does not actually alter their natural ability. Also, an individual may suffer a negative experience in their upbringing. This may result in their development being ‘altered’ or ‘different.’ Peer pressure also exists and therefore we must consider all of these extra factors regarding the development of individuals. Researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960’s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrid, D. (1967) child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs, 75, 43-88). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting; disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectations of maturity and control. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by Maccoby also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental psychology, 28, 1006-1017) The four parenting styles are: Authoritarian parenting: in this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, ‘because I said so.’ These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. Authoritarian parenting styles generally  lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower happiness, social competence and self-esteem. Authoritative parenting: like authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet the expectations, the parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful (Maccoby, 1992.) Permissive parenting: permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. According to Baumrind, permissive parents ‘’are more responsive than they are demanding. They are non-traditional and lenient, do not require mature behaviour, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation’’ (1991). Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent. Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation. These children are more likely to experience problems with authority and tend to perform poorly in school. Uninvolved parenting: An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. While these parents fulfil the child’s basic needs, they are generally detached from their child’s life. In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children. Uninvolved parenting styles rank lowest across all life domains. These children tend to lack self-control, have low self-esteem and are less competent than their peers. It is extremely important for a parent to demonstrate good parenting skills. How parents interact with their child affects their development in a significant way. How a child is brought up could affect the child’s social skills, they could turn out to be too shy, suffer anxiety, get nervous around people or even become mute depending on their situations at home. If a child is bought up in a home with violence, they could grow up thinking that it is the normal thing to do. Similarly, if a child is brought up in a very stable and loving household, this could  enable them to be happier and enjoy life more and this could also help bring out their personality and feelings. I believe that this suggests that a person’s personality does take an effect on how they deal with their environmental surroundings and the person that they will grow to become. Nurture can significantly impact an adult’s emotional and social development. If someone was treated badly as a child, this may reflect on their personality and behaviour as an adult. The individual may be withdrawn and depressed. This could be caused by the negative experiences they had in their childhood. Also, if an adult is obese it may be as a result of nurture. If a child is brought up being allowed to eat nothing but junk food, they will consider this type of eating as ‘normal’. As a result of this, nurture has a significant impact on the physical development of a child and indeed an adult, with regards to obesity. We could argue however, that obesity is genetic and that is where nature is to blame. In a study that included more than 5,000 identical and non-identical twin pairs, researchers found heredity to be a much bigger predictor of childhood obesity than lifestyle. They concluded that three-quarters of a child’s risk for becoming overweight is due to genetic influences, while just under a quarter of risk can be attributed to en vironment. Either way, both nature and nurture can have an impact on the physical development of an individual. (www.webmd.co.uk) I believe that if a child has grown up in a ‘rough area’ then it will be more likely that they might get into trouble with the police, in school etc. This may be because they have seen older children or maybe even adults do something they shouldn’t and this influences them to do the same. Drink and drugs may influence antisocial behaviour. If antisocial behaviour is seen as normal you may end up repeating the cycle. However, it is the parent’s responsibility to make sure that their child is safe. Therefore, I believe that environmental factors can change how a child behaves depending for example on where they live and what kind of people they are exposed to. I personally do not believe there is a correct answer to this debate. There is no way to prove how much influence each has in forming who we are, so we have to rely on logic and researc h that has been conducted regarding the issue. But each side has different interpretations of what evidence is available. I do believe however, that both nature and nurture play a significant part in our personal development but I believe  that they are equally as important, there is no ‘better’ theory. I believe that you are born with certain genetic traits and predispositions which influence how you react to your environment. Your environment shapes the person you are because it presents you with choices, challenges, and opportunities. Your genetic traits provide you with strengths and weaknesses. It is how you utilize those strengths to overcome the challenges, and take advantage of the opportunities, and of course the choices that you make that ultimately make you who you are. How does nature/nurture affect the development of Miya at 5 years old? Nature has a significant impact on the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of Miya. During this stage of childhood, Miya will be going through a p eriod of growth. Miya’s physical development will be determined by her genes and this cannot be controlled. Growth is pre-determined by nature and therefore, it cannot be changed or stopped. Nurture also has a significant impact on Miya’s holistic development during this stage of her life. Parenting has a huge impact on her intellectual, emotional and social development. If Miya is fed a lot of junk food by her parents, then nurture would be responsible for her becoming overweight. Unless Miya is genetically programmed to become overweight, this would be at the fault of her parents for allowing her to eat too many unhealthy foods, and not providing her with a balanced diet. Also, nurture will impact significantly on Miya’s intellectual development. If she is encouraged to complete her homework e.g. by doing reading or simple maths with her parents, Miya will benefit intellectually. Also, if Miya’s parents did not take the time to do these activities with Miya her intellectual development may negatively be affected by nurture. In terms of emotional and social developmen t, nurture is significantly important at this stage of Miya’s life. If Miya is shown love, she will feel emotionally secure and accepted by her parents. Miya will be able to trust her parents and will expect affection and love from others if she is used to getting that at home. On the other hand however, if Miya experiences abuse from her parents, this can have devastating consequences on her emotional and social development both at this stage in her life and in the future. If Miya experiences abuse, she may have problems trusting people and this could continue on to her adulthood. How does nature/nurture affect the development of Miya at 14 years old? Nature/ Nurture have a  significant impact on Miya’s physical, intellectual, emotional and social development during this stage of the lifespan. In terms of her physical development, Miya will be going through puberty during this stage of her life. Puberty is controlled by nature. Puberty is genetically programmed, Miya cannot change that puberty will happen as it is determined by nature; the individual cannot change that it will eventually occur. Nature also affects Miya’s intellectual development. Miya will have a specific IQ which will determine her natural intelligence. Of course, through nurture, Miya can make the most of her IQ e.g. by encouragement to study, parents providing resources etc. but, her IQ cannot actually be changed as it is determined by nature. Miya’s IQ will be developed by nature, but it will be supported through the nurture she receives in her life. For example, by her parents and teachers supporting her to achieve her best possible outcomes in school. Nurture will have a major impact on the emotional and social development of Miya. During this time, peer pressure and the influence of her friends will be huge. As a result of peer pressure, Miya may engage in activities that she otherwise may not have considered (drinking, drugs etc.) With regards to her development, this may have a negative impact as Miya will most likely not be truly happy with the decisions she makes. The internet and social media will also have a significant impact on the development of Miya both socially and emotionally. Facebook will be a very important part of Miya’s life as she will want to keep in contact with friends by using this social networking site. If Miya uses Facebook correctly, it could be a positive experience. However, sometimes Facebook can result in bullying which could negatively impact on her social and emotional development at this point in her life. Nurture can also have an impact on the type of friends Miya may have. If Miya’s parents are strict, they may choose who she is allowed to/ not allowed to be friends with. This will affect Miya’s emotional and social development. If Miya is not allowed to socialise with certain people, she may become upset with the decisions her parents have made for her. Miya may rebel against her parents if she feels she hasn’t got enough freedom. If her parents are too strict, she may withdraw from talking to them as she might feel they will ‘judge’ her. As a result of this, Miya may not discuss concerns/worries she has and this could have a very negative impact on her emotional development. On the other hand  however, if Miya’s parents set reasonable boundaries the relationship may be better. Miya may feel more comfortable talking to her parents if they are not too strict. Also, Miya may be happier socially too. If she is allowed to socialise with who she wants, she will not feel the need to rebel against the restrictions that her parents create. References: McLeod, S. A. (2007). Nature Nurture in Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html (accessed 17/11/14) https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/intelligence-11/measuring-intelligence-62/genetic-and-environmental-impacts-on-intelligence-243-12778/) (accessed 19/11/14) http://yourenglishlessons.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/nature-vs-nurture-are-we-really-born-that-way/ (accessed 19/11/14) http://www.webmd.co.uk/children/news/20080211/nature-trumps-nurture-in-child-obesity (accessed 24/11/14)

Blender Blade Component Analysis Engineering Essay

The blade constituent in the liquidizer is map to suppression and blending the ingredient with a really fast revolving velocity. First we need to understand the construction of the blade to enable the blade execute the procedure like sliting and softening. We know blade necessitate to be fixed under high rotational velocity operation, therefore the blade must hold the high modulus of rigidness to forestall any deformation during the operation. It is because the shearing force Acts of the Apostless on the blade is really high due to its velocity. Since it is rotate in high velocity when the nutrient are being dump into the nutrient container, it will do a impact acts on the blade that will do the blade to interrupt or check if the blade do non tough plenty. Besides that, the shaft will maintain in contact with the nutrient and ever expose to the nutrient chemical, therefore it must be entire chemical inert. The corroding procedure must non be occurred to forestall wellness risky incident. The high wear opposition is besides of import to the blade, as it will ever run for the interrupted procedure. The cyclic burden will do fatigue therefore we need difficult blade. Normally wear opposition can be increase by making a coating on the blade. Crisp borders with good strength is besides really of import to enable the blade execute the mincing or crunching procedure expeditiously. The blade is various plenty to cut about all the nutrient stuff that can be intermix if needed, strength once more is needed. Here is the drumhead degree Fahrenheit the liquidizer blade belongingss that we use as guideline in blade stuff choice. Hardness High strength Stainless steel High rigidness High wear opposition2.2 MATERIAL SELECTION2.2.1 BLENDER BLADE MATERIAL SELECTIONIn the choice stuff we must see many facets to guarantee the merchandise that we have made successful in overall facet. There some standards that must be see such as: Physical & A ; Mechanical Considerations Thermal Considerations Chemical Considerations Bearing and Wear Considerations Cost Type of utilizations and etc To get down the material choice of the constituent, we have to utilize the assorted comparing charts to compare diverse of stuff that available. In this clip about, we use the specific stiffness to specific strength, strength to cost, strength to toughness, and immature modulus to denseness. These are primary chart that we use to guarantee our choice. In the specific stiffness to specific strength chart, we can acquire the consequence of the stuff that has medium specific strength and high specific stiffness. This is an of import standard of stiffness in our merchandise. In the strength to be chart, we need to compromise the cost and the strength that we can keep competitory monetary value with the strength for safety. In the immature modulus to density chart, we need to hold the mid scope of denseness to forestall corpulence of merchandise with the high immature modulus. High immature modulus means that the emphasis that the, stuff can defy before it ‘s deform. In between strength and stamina, we need to hold both for the blades do non neglect prematurely particularly face the impact gesture of the nutrient encountered by blades.Figure 3: Strength AND TOUGHNESS COMPARISON CHARTFigure 4: Specific STIFFNESS AND SPECIFIC STRENGTH COMPARISON CHARTFigure 5: Young MODULUS AND DENSITY COMPARISONFigure 6: STRENGHT AND COST COMPARISON CHARTFrom the comparing we have made above, the suited stuff that we can take is chiefly metal stuff either alloyed or non. But we need to see corroding procedure that will that topographic point for ferric metal. Then we can take either alloyed metal or ferric alloyed metal like chromium steel steel. In the consequence we get, we besides found the stuff to applicable to our blade constituent production like ceramics. The ground we do non take it as comparing because of its crispness. We can non hold the toffee will do it crack when it is over it ‘s bound so will do the safety job. Based on the characteristic we found in the constituent, We have decide to compare two stuff in doing blade of liquidizer: Alloy steel Stainless steelAlloy Steel Properties[ 5 ] Alloy steel is the steel that contain some alloying elements like Mo, manganese, nickel, Cr, V, Si and B. Compare with C steel, the belongingss of Alloy steels have greater strength, hardness, hot hardness, wear opposition, hardenability, and Toughness. However, to obtain the require belongingss, they are needed to be heat treated.Stainless Steel Properties[ 6 ] Stainless steel differs from C steel by content of Cr in steel. The chief different belongings of the chromium steel steel is its corrosion opposition. Carbon steel rusts when exposed to air and wet. This Fe oxide movie is active and accelerates corrosion by organizing more Fe oxide. Stainless steels have sufficient sum of Cr nowadays so that a inactive movie of Cr oxide to forestall farther corrosionBlade stuff Comparison ChartSTAINLESS STEELParameterALLOY STEEL620 MPa.Ultimate tensile strength570 MPa. 240-290 MPa.Output strength440-500 MPa. 20-24 %Elongation15-18 % aˆ? High ultimate tensile strength. aˆ? Excellent corrosion and oxidization opposition. aˆ? High wear opposition aˆ? High weariness oppositionAdvantagesaˆ? High strength-to-weight ratio. aˆ? High emphasis opposition aˆ? Good corrosion opposition aˆ? High wear opposition aˆ? Expensive. aˆ? Can non be hardened by heat intervention. aˆ? Hard to organize compared to dramatis personae FeDisadvantagesaˆ? Poor in machinebility. Difficult to done by machining. aˆ? More brickle than chromium steel steel aˆ? Hi strength comparison to chromium steel steel but less ultimate tensile strength.Selected Blade Material – chromium steel steelIn doing blade, we have decided to utilize unstained steel because of some ground. The most of import is because we need the stuff that have excellent in corrosion and oxidization opposition. This is because we deal in doing nutrient processor. So that the quality of nutrient is chief thought to guarantee the user is safe to utilize is. Other than that, chromium steel steel has high wear immune. This belongings is good to hold in doing the blade because it ever crisp in cutting the nutrient. The impact stamina is besides the portion that we tend to take 304 steel since we have rotate in high velocity to cut or slit the nutrient. Stainless steel besides has a batch of categorization that we can take for the production of the blade. Therefore we have to take a specific category to guarantee the cost appraisal. After we did the research, we decide to take unstained steel category 304 to be our stuff for the p roduction.Stainless Steel – Grade 304Fe ; & lt ; 0.08 % C ; 17.5-20 % Cr ; 8-11 % Ni ; & lt ; 2 % Mn ; & lt ; 1 % Si ; & lt ; 0.045 % P ; & lt ; 0.03 % S [ 7 ] These are some of its features: – Forming and welding belongingss – Corrosion/ oxidization opposition – Deep drawing quality – Excellent stamina – Low temperature belongingss reacting good to indurating by cold working – Ease of cleansing, easiness of fiction, beauty of visual aspect. Table 1.A Physical belongingss of 304 class chromium steel steel in the annealed statusClassDensity ( kg/m3 )Elastic Modulus ( GPa )Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( mm/m/A °C )Thermal Conductivity ( W/m.K )Specific Heat0-100A °C ( J/kg.K )0-100A °C0-315A °C0-538A °Cat 100A °Cat 500A °C304/L/H 8000 193 17.2 17.8 18.4 16.2 21.5 5002.3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND TECHNICAL DRAWING2.3.1 BLENDER SPECIFICATIOND = 12cm Feature: Portable Rechargeable light weight Jar Capacity: up to 1.5 litres H = 30cm B = 16cm L = 18cm2.3.2 EXPLODED VIEW OF BLENDERFigure 2: Blender Exploded ViewPart Part name 1 Cap 2 Eyelid 3 Jar 4 Jar / blade seal 5 Blade set 6 Jar yoke 7 On-off button 8 Button spring 9 Upper lodging 10 Motor & A ; bushing 11 Motor saddle horse screw 12 Switch, on-off 13 Switch, interlock 14 Prison guard 15 Mini phone doodly-squat 16 Diode 17 Zener rectifying tube 18 Battery cell 19 Base screen 20 Screw, grip 21 Foot 22 Charger2.3.3 BLENDER BLADE SPECIFICATION3.0 STAGES OF THE PROCESS3.1 ALTERNATIVE PROCESS FOR EACH COMPONENT3.1.1 BLENDER BLADE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSThe suited procedure of blade production are projecting, stomping and hammering, we can still bring forth the blade even with different stuff. But every procedure must has it ‘s restrictions and ain advantages. The procedure selected is shown at table below:Figure 7: Blade Manufacturing Alternative ProcessesSince we have chosen the stuff, so we have look at the procedure to bring forth the merchandise. There are diverse of procedure of available outside, we need to take suitably to suite the stuff belongingss and the functionality of the constituent. There are several guidelines that we need to obey. The choice of a suited procedure is based on the undermentioned factors: Types of stuffs and its belongingss Expected quality and belongingss of the constituents Size, form, thickness and complexness in bring forthing the constituents Tolerances and surface coating Incoming procedures involves Design and tooling cost Volume of production Economy Now the chart above has shown 3 primary procedures that we will discourse further to take the best production procedure. Now we discuss the casting procedure. The procedure is a popular fabrication procedure that can hold many advantages. The grounds why we choose the investing casting procedure among assorted procedure of casting are because any stuff can project through this method. The investing casting procedure is economical even for rather low measure usually minimal measure is 1000. Furthermore, the complex form can be produced which meet the blade design. Heat intervention of the casting merchandise is non needed. Excellent surface coating and truth besides can be produced through this method. Again it suites the constituent demand that dimensional and surface coating. But the procedure has the disadvantages. We have the expensive dice tool and stuff cost, long lead clip to hold the concluding merchandise, labour cost is high. After we have seen the procedure we have the clea rer image of the procedure. The following procedure we will discourse the forging procedure. The blocker type of the forging will be used in this procedure. This is because this type has the low dice cost compared to other forging procedure. The production rate is high that will run into the company minimal production demand. Forging will hold the dice to use the compressive force on it in order produce the form we want. In the blocker forging, demand to make the machining to acquire the net form we want. The portion will non be a suited pick if the parts are thick webs and big filets. The chief cost is come from the dice cost which influenced by form and size of the constituent. The measure is besides the major concern in cost footing fabrication. Then we will make the stamping treatment. Stomping besides the sorts of sheet metal organizing utilizing the stamping dice and use the force on the sheet stuff. [ 18 ] The cost effectivity of the metal stomping procedure stems from its ability to bring forth material-intensive parts at production rates much higher than are possible utilizing other traditional methods. With stuff for stomping about bing use in another procedure, the premier country for nest eggs is in cutting production clip. From the above treatments, we can see that stomping will convey us the most economical procedure. Although we need to bear with the high start-up cost, but through the long term, the turnover is still good. The investing casting is excessively arduous and long lead clip which does non suite our selling policy ; the forging is more suited for big constituent.3.2 PROCESS SELECTED AND TOTAL PRODUCT STAGES3.2.1 BLENDER BLADE MANUFACTURING PROCESS3.2.1.1PROCESS SELECTED FOR BLENDER BLADEAfter weighing the pros and cons of procedure, we have chosen the stomping which derived procedures from progressive dice drawing. [ 22 ] By utilizing stomping procedure, there are some advantages compare with other procedure like hammering and die casting. First of wholly, the stomping dies can be well less than the tooling used in other procedures. Other than that, the Quality, truth, map, wear life and visual aspect can all be dramatically improved. By utilizing stomping procedure, the portion of stuff with tougher and harder belongingss can besides be made. Secondary operations like heat intervention and machining are needed to complete a portion. The figure of secondary operation is reduced and it can salvage the cost. To bring forth liquidizer blade by stomping procedure, there are some secondary procedure to be taken in. after the constituent is stamped out from the stamping machine, we need to bore a little hole on the constituent for the assembly intent. After that, flexing procedure will take in to obtain the functional form of liquidizer. Then, the constituent is so to be heat treated to better its mechanical belongingss like strength and stamina. Finally, a finishing procedure will take in to sharpen the blade border by machining procedure and better the wear opposition by add-on procedure like coating of blade with Ti.3.2.1.2 BLENDER BLADE STEPS FLOW CHARTThe phases for blade fabrication system are shown in the stairss flow chart below:Figure 8: Phase OF BLADE MANUFACTURING BY STAMPING3.2.1.3 BLENDER BLADE PROCESS STAGE AND MACHINE USEDStompingThe procedure is start by stomping of a big sheet of metal. We will utilize blanking procedure which is a cutting procedure by utilizing clout and di ce to bring forth the blade profile. For blanking procedure, the merchandise is the portion which is sheared out by clout. To transport out the blanking procedure, the stamping dice and stomping machine is needed. The blade merchandise by blanking procedure is shown at the figure below: Component ( merchandise ) Strip ( work stuff ) Scrap ( discard )Figure 9: blanking of bladeFeatures Of Stamped Parts[ 22 ] after stomping procedure, there are BURR-SIDE or CUT RADIUS feature on the stamped parts. There is a unsmooth border or breaking away burr around the side of the perforated holes. At The opposite side, there is a cut radius or â€Å" rollover † consequence where the blanking or piercing punch enters the metal surface. Both of these defects can be corrected if they affect the map ablility of the constituent. Deburring procedures can be used to take the burrs. Deburring procedure is done by utilizing deburring tool, toppling, or sanding. Drilling will do the holes straight through the full portion thickness. A shaving station in a progressive dice can cut down the demand for secondary handling operations. Besides, utilizing thicker stock than the concluding size called for and dual phonograph record grinding, or individual side grinding, as required will take burrs and rollover. After stomping procedure, the phenomena of CONCENTRICITY can be found on the merchandise itself. The contour of the interior and outside shows different belongingss and even thicknesses. the discrepancy can be cut down by excess allowance to the merchandises made. Besides the concentricity, the flatness/blanking deformations besides common phenomena that occur in the stamped merchandise after stomping procedure. There is the bowing rise in the merchandise due to periphery emphasis. The size of the obeisance varied with the stuff and type of dice used. The solution of the defects can be through the use of compound dice.Machine used for stomping procedure – Stamping MachineIn the stamping machine the major operation is where a metal sheet is being punched utilizing a imperativeness tool in order to give out into coveted form. Different stomping procedure necessitate different type of dice. Example of blanking dice is shown in figure 9Figure 10: Stamping MachineFigure 11: Stamping DieDrillingOnce the constituent is stamped out, the boring procedure will take in to bore a hole on the blade for the assembly intent. A boring machine is needed to bore the hole. The constituent after boring procedure is shown in the figure below: Drilling machine Component ( Merchandise )Figure: Drilling Of BladeMachine Used – Drilling Machine[ 23 ] A boring machine, called a drill imperativeness, is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or other stuffs. Boring machines use a boring tool that has cutting borders at its point. This cutting tool is held in the drill imperativeness by a chow or and is rotated and fed into the work at variable velocities. Boring machines may be used to execute other operations like countersinking, drilling, counterboring, topographic point facing, reaming, and tappingFigure 13: boring machineBendingTo obtain the better map ability of the liquidizer blade, the form of the blade should be flexing with certain angle as shown in the figure 9. This is a fictile deforming procedure to alter the form of metal blade. Note has to taken that the flexing portion of the constituent is under high emphasis after the bending procedure. To get the better of it, heat intervention will taking topographic point to hardening and reconstruct the emphasis. The constituent after flexing procedure is shown at below:Figure 14: Bending Of BladeMachine used: Bending Machine[ 24 ] Bending is a common fabrication method to treat sheet metal. It is normally done on a Press brake, but besides swing-bending-machines are used. With this machine a bending stuff is being bent by following the preset angle as a mention. The bending operation creates a consecutive line crook while form operation may make a curving crook.Fi gure 15: CNC Bending MachineHeat intervention[ 25 ] To reconstruct the residuary emphasis that trap in the stamped merchandise, heat intervention is normally carried out. Heat intervention can heat the metal to recrystallization temperature that will realine the grain in the metal. The heat intervention of the metal, the cleft can be reduced and it can be hardened as the finer grain can be obtained. The undermentioned describe the procedure heat intervention of the blade. The blade ballad on the ceramic tray so heat up to the specified temperature to indurate the portion. The oven normally is preheated to faster the procedure. The warming procedure last for 2 hours. After procedure the ceramic tray take out from the oven. The submergence of the merchandise into oil or H2O to execute slaking. This trap the intricate crystal in the metal construction. This procedure besides consequences in the metal going really brittle. After slaking, the blades are reheated to about 260A °C. Then the blades are allowed to chill easy in a procedure called annealing. This toughens the metal while retaining some of the crispness needed for all right sharpening. Further warming and chilling rhythms may be used to indurate other specialised metals.Machine Used: Heat Treating Oven[ 26 ] Heat handling oven is usage to heat the stuff up to 760A °C – 1370A °C It has the map to command the temperature and force per unit area of warming. The box furnace can manage exothermal, endothermal, and enriched ambiances including air, N, and Ar.Figure 16: heat handling ovenMachiningFinally, the blade will undergoes machining procedure as the coating procedure. [ 25 ] After the heat-treated blades are cool, they are polished and sharpened. Polishing is performed by machine in our instance. A level belt smoother is used to bring forth a smooth coating to the sides of the blade. This besides polishes out any Markss from the punch imperativeness operation and removes the surface residue from the heat-treat operation. Next the blade is placed into a grinding fixture that passes it through a series of crunching wheels. Each revolving wheel removes the right sum of metal to organize the border alleviation, point, rough border angle, and other characteristics of the working part of the blade. When the blade is finished with these stairss, it will be rather crisp and may look ready to utilize. However, the concluding sharpening stairs s are required to bring forth a durable border. Honing is the last procedure to take in. the crisp border of blade is produced by a all right grinding operation and called honing. The angle of the hone may be between 17 and 30 grades to the axis of the blade, depending upon the blade application. A smaller angle will bring forth a sharper border, but the border will have on and go dull more rapidly. A all right grinding hone, or â€Å" rock, † is oiled and gently rubbed on the knife border. This action produces the finest sharpened border.Machine Used: Belt Sander[ 27 ] A belt smoother is a machine used to sand down wood and other stuffs for finishing intents. It consists of an electrical motor that turns a brace of membranophones on which a seamless cringle of emery paper is mounted.Figure 17: Belt SanderConsequence on plagiarism checker on hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlechecker.com/checker.phpMatched PhrasesGoogleA ResultsA Found:MATERIAL SELECTION 2 ( Set Alert ) Carbon steel rusts when exposed to air and wet ( Set Alert ) This Fe oxide movie is active and accelerates corrosion by organizing more Fe oxide ( Set Alert ) Ultimate tensile strength 570 MPa ( Set Alert ) aˆ? Excellent corrosion and oxidization opposition ( Set Alert ) aˆ? Can non be hardened by heat intervention ( Set Alert ) This procedure besides consequences in the metal going really brickle ( Set Alert ) Then the blades are allowed to chill easy in a procedure called annealing ( Set Alert ) This toughens the metal while retaining some of the crispness needed for all right sharpening ( Set Alert ) Further warming and chilling rhythms may be used to indurate other specialized metals ( Set Alert ) This besides polishes out any Markss from the punch imperativeness operation and removes the surface residue from the heat-treat operation ( Set Alert ) Next the blade is placed into a grinding fixture that passes it through a series of crunching wheels ( Set Alert ) Each revolving wheel removes the right sum of metal to or ganize the border alleviation, point, rough border angle, and other characteristics of the working part of the blade ( Set Alert ) When the blade is finished with these stairss, it will be rather crisp and may look ready to utilize ( Set Alert ) However, the concluding sharpening stairss are required to bring forth a durable border ( Set Alert ) The angle of the hone may be between 17 and 30 grades to the axis of the blade, depending upon the blade application ( Set Alert ) A smaller angle will bring forth a sharper border, but the border will have on and go dull more rapidly ( Set Alert ) A all right crunching hone, or † rock, † is oiled and gently rubbed on the knife border ( Set Alert ) This action produces the finest sharpened border ( Set Alert )Entire Matched Phrases / Total Submitted10 % ( 19/182 )